position
The location of the kidney: the right kidney is on the second lumbar transverse process, the left is the first lumbar transverse process, the right kidney because the liver is slightly lower than the left kidney 1-2 cm. Normal kidney movements are within 1-2 cm range. The kidney is under the diaphragm, physical examination, in addition to the right kidney under the lower edge of the ribs palpable, the left kidney is not easy to touch.
Kidney on both sides of the spine, close to the posterior wall, the peritoneal rear. Left lower extremity flat 11 thoracic lower edge, lower flat 2 lumbar lower edge. The right kidney is lower than the left kidney. Left side of the 12th rib oblique left after the middle of the left kidney, the right side of the 12th rib oblique the upper part of the right kidney.
Clinically, the lateral spine of the erector spinae and the 12th ribs between the parts, known as the kidney area (rib waist point), when the kidney lesions, touch or tapping the area, often tenderness or pain.
structure
The internal structure of the kidney can be divided into renal parenchyma and renal pelvis.
In the kidney longitudinal section can be seen, kidney parenchyma two layers: the outer layer of cortex, the inner layer of medulla.
Kidney cortex is fresh and pale, composed of more than one million kidney units. Each kidney unit consists of renal corpuscles and renal tubules, part of the cortex extends to the medullary cone, become the kidney column.
Renal medulla is reddish brown when fresh, for the 10-20 cone formed. The kidney cone is triangular in the plane. Cone bottom to the kidney convex surface, tip to the kidney, the main tissue of the cone for the collection tube, the tip of the cone called the kidney nipple, each nipple 10-20 papillary tube, to the small calf funnel opening.
In the renal sinus kidney calyx, for the funnel-shaped membranous tube, around the kidney nipple. Kidney vertebrae and kidney small light connected. Each kidney has 7 to 8 kidney calyx, adjacent to 2 to 3 small calyx synthesis of a kidney light bulb. Each kidney has 2 to 3 kidney large light, kidney large light convergence into a flat funnel-shaped renal pelvis. Kidney out of the kidney after the narrowing gradually thinning, moving for the ureter.
Kidney units are the basic unit of kidney structure and function.
Kidney bodies include glomeruli and kidneys. Kidney body has a capillary group, known as glomerular, glomerular blood vessels is a ball. It is formed by the branch of the renal artery. There is a kidney capsule around the glomeruli. Kidney capsule is divided into two layers, between the two layers of cysts and renal tubules connected to the lumen.
The renal tubules converge into the collection tube. A number of manifolds combined into the nipple tube, urine into the kidney small light.
Renal fascia before and after the two layers, surrounded by kidney and adrenal glands. As the renal fascia in the kidney below the open, when the kidneys around the fat reduction and other circumstances to reduce the support of the kidney, the mobility of the kidney increases, easy to move down, the formation of renal ptosis or walking kidney. And because of the opening of the lower part of the renal fascia, can be passed down the posterior rectum, clinically can be injected into the posterior rectal space, retroperitoneal aerodynamic angiography to show changes in renal and other organs.
评论
发表评论