Kidney is an important organ of the human body, its basic function is to generate urine, in order to remove the body of metabolites and certain wastes, poison, while reabsorption through the retention of water and other useful substances such as glucose, protein, amino acids, sodium , Potassium ions, sodium bicarbonate, etc., to adjust the water, electrolyte balance and maintenance of acid-base balance. Kidney also endocrine function, resulting in renin, erythropoietin, active vitamin D3, prostaglandins, kinin, etc., but also for the body part of the endocrine hormone degradation sites and the target organ of extraperitoneal hormones. These functions of the kidney ensure the stability of the environment in the body, so that the metabolism can be carried out normally.
form
The kidneys are paired lentil-like organs, reddish-brown, located in the peritoneal spine on both sides of the shallow fossa. About 10-12 cm wide, 5-6 cm wide, thick 3-4 cm, weight 120-150 grams; the left kidney is slightly larger than the right kidney, the longitudinal axis of the medial axis inward, the lower end outward, so the two Closer, the next very far, the longitudinal axis of the kidney and the angle of the spine is about 30 degrees. Kidney side of a depression, called the kidney door, it is the renal vein, renal artery and kidney and ureter and kidney connected parts. The structure of these access to the kidney, wrapped by connective tissue, collectively known as kidney pedicle. From the kidney to the kidney, there is a larger cavity, said kidney sinus. Renal sinus by the renal parenchyma, the sinus contains renal artery, renal vein, lymphatic vessels, kidney small light, kidney lamp, renal pelvis and adipose tissue.
The outer edge of the kidney is convex, the inner edge is concave, and the middle part of the concave surface is the renal door. All the blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels enter the kidney, and the renal pelvis is out of the kidney. Renal vein in the former, the arterial center, the renal pelvis in the post; if the upper and lower on the renal artery in the vein under the next.
Each kidney consists of more than 1 million kidney units. Each nephron, including glomerular, renal capsule and renal tubular three parts, glomerular and renal capsule composed of renal body.
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